Breeding Turkeys, Rearing Good Stock -
by Katie Thear
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This is based on the chapter Breeding Turkeys from Starting With
Turkeys by Katie Thear the definitive guide for keeping turkeys.
It describes the traditional breeds and how to cater for the free-range
and organic Christmas markets with full colour photographs.
Rearing Good Stock
If rearing your own potential breeding stock, look for a uniformity
of size, shape and colouring, and only keep the best for breeding
on. Maintain detailed records so that you know which are the healthy,
vigorous birds with good production.
Tag or ring the birds that are kept, with details of their parentage.
Change stags regularly to avoid inbreeding. Hen birds producing
poor quality poults should be removed from the breeding programme.
Maintaining these standards and separating and culling sub-standard
birds will lead to better stock to sell to customers.
To achieve these goals effectively, quite a number of birds may
need to be kept. The greater the number, the greater the opportunity
to improve the quality of the stock from one season to the next.
Therefore, for the smallholder or small-scale breeder hoping to
produce good birds to sell on, there is a case for concentrating
at the outset on just one breed, such as bronze or black turkeys
where there is likely to be a ready market.
Breeder Management
Both stags and hens should have identification tags or rings
so that accurate records can be kept for each of the birds. They
are available from specialist suppliers. A breeding ratio of one
stag to ten hens is the right proportion. Fewer hens may lower
the overall fertility. Conversely, having too many hens will produce
the same effect. This is a generalisation, for there can be considerable
variation, with heavier breeds often having a lower ratio.
Turkeys start to lay eggs from 28 - 30 weeks onwards. They lay
most eggs in their first year, with numbers decreasing in the second
year and again in their third year. Stags are also at their most
fertile in their first year so using young birds to produce poults
for sale gives the best results. A stag used for a second season
will have a reduced fertility. Balanced against this, is the fact
that performance will be a known quantity from the second year,
if accurate records have been kept.
It is a good idea to keep some stags in reserve in case one is
needed. Reserve stags should be penned out of sight of the breeding
flock to prevent over-excitability. If a stag is inactive or if
the eggs produced after his mating activity are not fertile, he
will need to be replaced.
Starting With Turkeys
© 2007 Katie Thear
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